Geotechnical Engineering -A historical Perpective

   For Engineering purpose ,soil is defined as uncemented aggregate of mineral grains and decayed organic matter (solid particles) with liquid and gas n the empty spaces between the solid particles.Soil is used as a construction material in various civil engineering projects and it support structural foundations.Thus,civil engineers must study the properties of soil,such as its

1. origin,
2. grain size distribution,
3. ability to drain water
4. compressibility,
5. shear strength
6.  and load bearing capacity.

 Soil Mechanics is the branch of science that deals with the study of the physical properties of soil and the behaviour of soil and the behaviour of soil masses subjected to various types of forces.

 Soil Engineering is the application of the principle of soil mechanics to practical problems.

Geo technical engineering is the sub discipline in Civil Engineering that involves natural materials found close to the surface of the earth.

All of this includes the application  of the principles of soil mechanics to design of foundation,retaining structures and earth structures.